Mechanical release archery training device

ABSTRACT

An archery training system provides an archer the ability to safely condition psychologically and physically without the need of a bow and arrow while maintaining the sensation of using a bow and arrow. The archery training system is easily portable or stowed, and offers a combination of variables replicating the activity of compound bow shooting, such as a counter balanced replication of a grasped bow while drawing a bowstring, the utilization of accessory bow sights for target acquisition and aiming, the adjustability to accommodate the various hand grip styles unique to each archer, and immediate visual feedback to performance or shooting technique.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S.Provisional Patent Application 62/009,050 entitled “Mechanical ReleaseArchery Training Device” to Justin D. Tafoya, filed on Jun. 6, 2014,which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Aspects of this document relate generally to archery and, morespecifically, to an archery training system.

BACKGROUND

In 2012, the Archer Trade Association (ATA) conducted the firstnationwide archery survey. The ATA reported that 18.9 million Americansage 18 and older participated in archery and/or bow hunting that year.This number has only increased since then. The New York Times reportedin 2008 that 90% of “elite archers” would suffer from target panic atleast once in their lifetime. If the 2008 rate of target panic held truefor those archers surveyed in 2012 by the ATA, then approximately 17million of those active archers would suffer from target panic.

Archery, like many sports, requires training of the mind and muscles.Repetitive conditioning of these two characteristics by an archer willfacilitate the development of muscle memory, psychological confidence,and the proper body mechanics required to achieve desired arrowplacement when shot at a target. Target panic is a psychologicalcondition that causes the archer to prematurely shoot the arrow oractuate the mechanical release aid trigger prior to desired targetacquisition, thereby, debilitating the archer from being able accuratelyand confidently place sight pins on target. There are variousrecommendations to resolving target panic that require the use of a bowand arrow. However, the recommendations do not alleviate thepsychological impairments associated with physically shooting an arrowand risking an undesired flight path of an arrow or missing the targetaltogether.

Other common problems or challenges archers experience in addition totarget panic include “punching” of the mechanical release aid trigger,muscle fatigue, and inadequate personal time to condition mentally andphysically. “Punching” of an archer's trigger release aid occurs whenthe archer is unable to steady the sights pins on target and the archerrapidly triggers the release aid as the desired pin passes through thetarget. Muscle fatigue is associated with the amount of time an archeris able to dedicate to training in the activity of archery and theavailability of training resources.

Archers cannot practice shooting their bow without nocking and thenshooting an arrow. If an archer dry fires a compound bow (i.e., shootingthe bow without using an arrow), the bow will most likely be damaged orruined. Dry firing an actual bow creates atypical stresses and oftenresults in breaking or damaging the bow string, cracking or shatteringthe bows limbs, damaging the cams, or other harm.

Conventional devices exist to try to help archers develop propershooting form and muscle strength, control and memory. Thus, archers areable to dry fire these devices to practice archery without actuallyshooting an arrow. However, these devices are lengthy, or they are bulkymechanisms that attach to a bow or have their own handles. Such devicesare not easily portable or stowed, and do not offer a combination ofvariables replicating the activity of compound bow shooting, such as acounter balanced replication of a grasped bow while drawing a bowstring,the utilization of accessory bow sights for target acquisition andaiming, the adjustability to accommodate the various hand grip stylesunique to each archer, and immediate visual feedback to performance orshooting technique.

Applicants believe that the material incorporated above is“non-essential” in accordance with 37 CFR §1.57, because it is referredto for purposes of indicating the background of the disclosure orillustrating the state of the art. However, if the Examiner believesthat any of the above-incorporated material constitutes “essentialmaterial” within the meaning of 37 CFR §1.57(c)(1)-(3), applicants willamend the specification to expressly recite the essential material thatis incorporated by reference as allowed by the applicable rules.

SUMMARY

Aspects of this document relate generally to an archery training systemthat provides an archer the ability to safely condition psychologicallyand physically without the need of a bow and arrow while maintaining thesensation of using a bow and arrow. An archery training system that iseasily portable or stowed, and offers a combination of variablesreplicating the activity of compound bow shooting, such as a counterbalanced replication of a grasped bow while drawing a bowstring, theutilization of accessory bow sights for target acquisition and aiming,the adjustability to accommodate the various hand grip styles unique toeach archer, and immediate visual feedback to performance or shootingtechnique.

Aspects and applications of the disclosure are described below withreference to the DRAWINGS and the DETAILED DESCRIPTION. Unlessspecifically noted, it is intended that the words and phrases in thespecification and the claims be given their plain, ordinary, andaccustomed meaning to those of ordinary skill in the applicable arts.The inventor is fully aware that he can be his own lexicographer ifdesired. The inventor expressly elects, as his own lexicographer, to useonly the plain and ordinary meaning of terms in the specification andclaims unless they clearly state otherwise and then further, expresslyset forth the “special” definition of that term and explain how itdiffers from the plain and ordinary meaning Absent such clear statementsof intent to apply a “special” definition, it is the inventor's intentand desire that the simple, plain and ordinary meaning to the terms beapplied to the interpretation of the specification and claims.

The inventor is also aware of the normal precepts of English grammar.Thus, if a noun, term, or phrase is intended to be furthercharacterized, specified, or narrowed in some way, then such noun, term,or phrase will expressly include additional adjectives, descriptiveterms, or other modifiers in accordance with the normal precepts ofEnglish grammar. Absent the use of such adjectives, descriptive terms,or modifiers, it is the intent that such nouns, terms, or phrases begiven their plain, and ordinary English meaning to those skilled in theapplicable arts as set forth above.

The foregoing and other aspects, features, and advantages will beapparent to those of ordinary skill in the art from the DETAILEDDESCRIPTION, DRAWINGS, and the CLAIMS.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Implementations will hereinafter be described in conjunction with thefollowing DRAWINGS (which are not necessarily to scale), where likedesignations denote like elements, and:

FIG. 1 is a front perspective drawing of an implementation of an archerytraining system.

FIG. 2 is a rear perspective drawing of the implementation of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a front view showing the face of the archery training systemaccording to the implementation in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a rear perspective exploded view of the implementation of FIG.1.

FIG. 5 is a depiction of a user dry firing an archery training system atan actual or virtual target according to the implementations of FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 depicts implementations of an archery training system includingelectrical components.

FIG. 7 shows various implementations of an electronic sight according tothe implementations of FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 shows a circuit diagram of various implementations of an archerytraining system including electrical components according to theimplementations of FIG. 6.

FIG. 9 depicts additional implementations of an archery training systemincluding electrical components such as a motorized tensioner.

FIG. 10 is a detailed view of the tensioning area according to theimplementations of FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 is a first detailed view of a motorized tensioner according tothe implementations of FIG. 9.

FIG. 12 is a second detailed view of a motorized tensioner according tothe implementations of FIG. 9.

FIG. 13 illustrates an archery training system used with an electronicsimulator.

FIG. 14 illustrates an archery training system used with a video game.

FIG. 15 depicts an exploded side perspective view of implementations ofa rod tensioner.

FIG. 16 depicts a side perspective view of implementations of a rodtensioner according to the implementations of FIG. 15.

FIG. 17 depicts perspective views of implementations of an archerytraining system with a rod tensioner according to the implementations ofFIG. 15.

FIGS. 18A-20 illustrate various implementations of a fixedinterconnector.

FIG. 21 illustrates a rear perspective view of various implementationsof an archery training system with fixed interconnectors according tothe implementations of FIGS. 18A-20.

FIGS. 22-24 illustrate various implementations of a fixedinterconnector.

FIG. 25 illustrates a rear perspective view of various implementationsof an archery training system with fixed interconnectors according tothe implementations of FIGS. 22-24.

FIGS. 26A-29 illustrate various implementations of an adjustableinterconnector.

FIG. 30 illustrates a rear perspective view of various implementationsof an archery training system with adjustable interconnectors accordingto the implementations of FIGS. 26-29.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of an archery strength trainer.

FIGS. 32-37 illustrate various views and implementations of an archeryrelease aid configured to mimic the finger positioning of a traditionalbow.

FIG. 38 is a rear perspective exploded view of a stabilizer.

FIG. 39 is a side exploded view of a stabilizer according to theimplementations of FIG. 38.

FIG. 40 is a rear perspective view of a stabilizer bracket of astabilizer according to the implementations of FIG. 38.

FIG. 41 is a side view of a stabilizer bracket according to theimplementations of FIG. 40.

FIG. 42 is a front perspective view of a stabilizer bracket according tothe implementations of FIG. 40.

FIG. 43 is a front view of a stabilizer bracket according to theimplementations of FIG. 40.

FIG. 44 is a side exploded view of a handle structure coupled with astabilizer according to the implementations of FIG. 38.

FIG. 45 is a side view of a handle structure coupled with a stabilizeraccording to the implementations of FIG. 38.

FIG. 46 is a front perspective exploded view of a handle structurecoupled with a stabilizer according to the implementations of FIG. 38.

FIG. 47 is a front perspective view of a handle structure coupled with astabilizer according to the implementations of FIG. 38.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following description, reference is made to the accompanyingDRAWINGS which form a part hereof, and which show by way of illustrationpossible implementations. Moreover, numerous specific details are setforth below in order to provide a thorough understanding of the variousaspects of the disclosure. It will be understood, however, by thoseskilled in the relevant arts, that the present disclosure may bepracticed without these specific details. In other instances, knownstructures and devices are shown or discussed more generally in order toavoid obscuring the disclosure. In many cases, a description of theoperation is sufficient to enable one to implement the various forms ofthe disclosure. As a matter of convenience, various components will bedescribed using exemplary materials, sizes, shapes, dimensions, and thelike. However, this document is not limited to the stated examples andother configurations are possible and within the teachings of thepresent disclosure.

The disclosed archery training system may assist archers improveshooting technique, improve performance and confidence, build musclememory and strength, and overcome archery-related psychologicalimpairments like “target panic.” The archery training system may comewith its own or may include the archer's own mechanical release aidand/or own bow sight attached, which offers the option of safelytraining “dry fire” archery practice without the need of a bow andarrow. Accordingly, the disclosed archery training system allows archersto practice critical elements of archery without damaging their bows.There are many features of the archery training system and methodimplementations disclosed herein, of which one, a plurality, or allfeatures or steps may be used in any particular implementation.

FIGS. 1-5 illustrate an archery training system 1 according to someimplementations. FIGS. 1 and 2 are, respectively, front and rearperspective drawings of an implementation of the archery training system1. FIG. 3 is a front view showing the face of the archery trainingsystem 1 and FIG. 4 is a rear perspective exploded view. FIG. 5 is adepiction of an archery training system 1 used with an actual or virtualtarget. Similarities between the look, weight, balance, response, andfeel of the archery training system 1 and actual compound or traditionalbows may be intentionally added to help the user more effectivelyphysically and mentally train through dry firing archery training system1 to become a better archer when using an actual bow and arrow.

Archery training system 1 may include a handle structure 10, topresistance band 90, and optionally a bottom resistance band 92. Handlestructure 10 is held by a user at handle 26 in a fashion similar to acompound bow or a traditional bow by having the long axis of the handlestructure 10 held approximately orthogonal to the horizon andapproximately parallel to the long axis of the user's body. For ease ofreference, handle structure 10 is described in terms of three generalareas of handle structure 10 that are not necessarily mutuallyexclusive: the housing unit 30, the handle area 20, and the tensioningarea 40.

Archery training system 1 may include the following components: a moldedor shaped handle structure 10; a balancer 60 attached to the handlestructure 10; a top resistance band 90 with a distal section 94 coupledto a top interconnector 91 and a proximate section 95 that feeds throughthe balancer 60 entering the rear, exiting the face, feeding throughhandle structure 10 via top port 22 and bottom port 24 and is secured tothe top tensioner 70; a bottom resistance band 92 with a distal section96 coupled to a bottom interconnector 93 and a proximate section 97 thatis secured to the bottom tensioner 72; and a sight window 31 having aright sight post 32 and a left sight post 36 with sight guide holes 33,34, 37, and 38 and housing sight mount inserts 67, which are availablefor attaching an archer's bow sight or other sighting device (see, sight100 of FIG. 5). Either one or both of top interconnector 91 and bottominterconnector 93 may contain a flexible or rigid loop, which may beadapted to be engaged by an archery release aid 85. In someimplementations, the handle structure is shaped or curved to mimic thelook, feel, or weight of a compound or traditional bow.

The housing unit 30 of handle structure 10 houses the balancer 60 withinthe sight window 31. The sight window 31 allows the user to view atarget in front of the archery training system 1 with or without the aidof a sight 100 attached to the housing unit 30. The balancer 60 isdesigned to mount between right sight post 32 and left sight post 36 andarticulate vertically within sight window 31 by two threaded bolts 65connected to the balancer “T” 64 through washers 66 and guide holes 35and 39. The balancer pass-through 62 of balancer 60 is hollow to allowthe top resistance band 90 to freely pass through it as the user drawsback on the one or both resistance bands 90 and 92.

The user may optionally attach a sight 100 to the right or left sightposts 32 and 36. The most common sights 100 have a ring housing severalpins, but numerous variations of sights 100 are commercially available.Many sights 100 have standardized spacing of holes to couple with a bow(or handle structure 10). The spacing of sight guide holes 33 and 34 aswell as sight guide holes 37 and 38 may be spaced to easily couple withthe standardized spacing of sight 100 or an adapter. A sight 100 coupledto handle structure 10 may be, for example, the user's own bow sightutilized for hunting, a practice bow sight, or a bow sight specificallydesigned for the archery training system 1, such as a mechanical trainersight, an electrical trainer sight, and/or a video game trainer sight.All of these sights, and other sights sold for use with a bow, arecontemplated when we use the terms “sight” or “bow sight” herein. FIG. 5illustrates an implementation employing a sight 100 attached to thehousing unit 30 of the handle structure 10.

Referring still to FIGS. 1-5, the handle area 20 allows the user to gripthe handle structure 10 at handle 26 with the non-shooting (i.e., thehand not used to draw back a string and arrow, which is often the user'snon-dominant hand). Handle 26 may be shaped to be held by either theleft or right hand of the user to freely accommodate the user'spreferred shooting hand. Alternative implementations utilize a handle 26shaped specifically for either one hand or the other. Handle area 20contains a hollow section 23 through handle 26, which is open at the topand bottom, respectively, via top port 22 and bottom port 24. Hollowsection 23 and ports 22 and 24 are sufficiently large to allow topresistance band 90 to freely pass through, or of a larger diameter ifadditional larger elements are attached to top resistance band 90 (e.g.,interconnectors 200 or 220 as shown in FIGS. 18A-31).

Stabilizer connector 45 houses threaded stabilizer insert 52 positionedapproximately orthogonal to the long axis of handle structure 10, whichallows the user to optionally attach a variety of different bowstabilizers (e.g., stabilizer 280 as shown in FIGS. 38-47) to handlestructure 10 to more accurately mimic the feel of shooting a real bowwith an attached stabilizer. Stabilizers are commercially available inmany different sizes, shapes, and weights, and many utilize astandardized threaded connector, which may couple with the threadedstabilizer insert 52. Stabilizers may improve bow performance in one ormore of the following ways: reducing torque, moving the center ofgravity, improving the moment of inertia, helping to keep a bow steadywhen shooting, dampening vibrations, and reducing hand shock. In someimplementations, a stabilizer according stabilizer 280 of FIG. 38 may beimplemented. In further implementations, the user may connect additionalaccessories to stabilizer connector 45 other than a stabilizer (e.g.,strength training weights, wrist slings, and the like).

The tensioning area 40 of handle structure 10 includes top tensioner 70and bottom tensioner 72. Top spool 73 of top tensioner 70 couples withthe proximate section 95 of top resistance band 90. Top adjustment knob75 axially bisects and physically engages via hex shape key and lockstyle mechanism with top spool 73, passes through washers 77 and hollowtop tensioner guide hole 49, and terminates in a twisting nut 79. Theuser can select the amount of tension for the top resistance band 90 byrotating the top adjustment knob 75 counterclockwise and then insertinglocking pin 80. Locking pin 80 is configured to lock the position of toptensioner 70 by passing through one or more sets of holes in top spool73 and into top locking pin housing 50.

In a relatively similar fashion, bottom spool 74 of bottom tensioner 72couples with the proximate section 97 of bottom resistance band 92.Bottom spool 74 is housed in the space provided by the bottom tensionerslot 41. Bottom adjustment knob 76 axially bisects and physicallyengages via hex shape key and lock style mechanism with bottom spool 74;passes through hollow bottom tensioner guide holes 43 and 47, washers77, and bushing 78; and terminates in a twisting nut 79. The user mayadjust the amount of tension for the bottom resistance band 92 byrotating the bottom adjustment knob 76 counterclockwise and theninserting locking pin 80. Locking pin 80 is configured to lock theposition of bottom tensioner 72 by passing through bottom locking pinhousing 44, one or more sets of holes in bottom spool 74, and bottomlocking pin housing 48.

Top resistance band 90 and bottom resistance band 92 may be tubularelastic bands made of rubber elastomer (e.g., such as surgical tubing orathletic resistance bands). The top interconnector 91 at the distalsection 94 of top resistance band 90 and the bottom interconnector 93 atthe distal section 96 of bottom resistance band 92 may be leftunattached and freely move when the archery trainer device 1 is notbeing used. Interconnectors 91 and 93 may have looped ends designed forrelease aids. During dry firing, distal sections 94 and 96 of resistancebands 90 and 92 will be located near the user's torso and shooting hand.Handle structure 10 and balancer 60 are configured such that, when fullydrawn during dry firing, top resistance band 90 (or at least most of thefull length of top resistance band 90 are) positioned substantiallyorthogonal to the long axis of handle structure 10 (e.g., positioned at90°±20°; 90°±15°; or 90°±10°). Top resistance band 90 freely movesthrough balancer pass-through 62 of balancer 60, which articulatesvertically by pivoting around the axis of bolts 65 and guide holes 35and 39. Upon exiting the front of balancer 60, the top resistance band90 bends downwards and passes through hollow section 23 to couple to toptensioner 70. Thus, the top resistance band 90 roughly aligns parallelwith the long axis of the handle structure 10 as it passes throughhollow section 23 (i.e., within about ±30° of being parallel).

The resistance bands 90 and 92 may be of sufficient strength to be ableto support the resistive forces created by expansion thereof. This forcemay be approximately 1-70 pounds. However, in alternate implementations,different resistance bands 90 and 92 may be used which result invariances of resistive force, also referred to herein as tension.Additionally, in other implementations, the resistance bands 90 and 92may be replaced by other types of pressure, compression, and/or tensiondevices or items that provide similar levels of resistive force/tension.For example, one or both of resistance bands 90 and 92 may be rigid orflexible bands attached to a flywheel, cam, or other resistance device.

It may be noted that the top resistance band 90 may be approximately15-31 inches in length and the bottom resistance band 92 may beapproximately 13-29 inches in length to enable adequate adjustment oftension and draw length. In one implementation, the top resistance band90 is about 31 inches in length and the bottom resistance band 92 isabout 29 inches in length. Further, the length of interconnectors 91 and93 of the resistance bands 90 and 92 may be approximately 0.2 to 4inches (e.g., 1 inch). Other sizes of tensioners and lengths of bandscan work.

The top and bottom spools 73 and 74 are sufficiently wide for resistancebands 90 and 92 to spool around an inner diameter, and have an innerdiameter of approximately 0.3-2.5 inches and an outer diameter (for eachside of the spool) of approximately 0.7-4.0 inches. In oneimplementation, top spool 73 has an inner diameter of about 0.5 inchesand an outer diameter of about 1.5 inches, while bottom spool 74 has aninner diameter of about 1.5 inches and an outer diameter of about 2.0inches. The proximate ends of resistance bands 90 and 92 may fixedly orloosely attach to spools 73 and 74 in a variety of ways, such as: screwsand plates, screws, a slot in the inner diameter of the spool 73 or 74,tying the resistance band 90 or 92 around the inner diameter, adhesives,a notch or bight, and so forth.

Handle structure 10 may be approximately 14-24 inches tall, or in someimplementations, approximately 16-19 inches tall (e.g., 17.5 inches).Handle structure 10 may be approximately 1-3 inches wide and 1-3.5inches deep at the top tensioner guide hole 49 (e.g., 1.3 inches wide by1.5 inches deep), and approximately 2-4 inches wide at the sight window31 (e.g., 2.5 inches) (where “wide” is the x-axis and “deep” is thez-axis when viewing the face of the handle structure 10). The opening inhandle structure 10 created by sight window 31 may be approximately1.5-3.0 inches wide by 4-8 inches tall (e.g., 2.1 inches wide by 5.75inches tall). Right and left sight posts 32 and 36 may each beapproximately 0.15-0.9 inches wide (e.g., 0.4 inches). Balancer 60 mayhave a diameter of about 0.3-0.9 inches, be approximately 1.2-2.8 incheswide (at the balancer “T” 64), and be approximately 2-6 inches deep(i.e., the length of the balancer pass-through 62). In oneimplementation, the balancer 60 has a diameter of 0.5 inches, a width of2 inches, and a depth of 4.25 inches. The free space of hollow section23 may have a minimum diameter of at least 0.25-1.3 inches (e.g., 0.5inches), and may have a circular, elliptical, oblong, rectangular, orother shaped cross-section. Bottom tensioner slot 41 may beapproximately 0.5-1.8 inches wide by 2-4 inches tall (e.g., 0.7 incheswide by 3 inches tall) and sized sufficient to house the bottom spool74. Right and left tensioner posts 42 and 46 may each be approximately0.15-0.9 inches wide (e.g., 0.3 inches).

The dimensions of the handle structure 10 and other disclosed elementsare related to the materials used to construct the elements in additionto attributes of the intended user. As such, the disclosed dimensionsare anticipated to change by some degree depending on material choiceand user attributes (e.g., differing sizes based on the user's age,gender, ability, or preference). For example, a child's version may besmaller than an adult version and possibly even smaller than the rangesof dimensions disclosed for handle structure 10 above.

It should be known that the terms nut, bolt, insert, and knob are usedto cover all types of external or internal threaded items that can besubstituted and used herein. It should also be known that the termlooped is used to cover all types of ropes, strings, cables, wire,rings, or other items such that can be substituted and used herein,which may range from flexible to rigid. In addition, it should be knownthat the term resistance band is used to cover all types of elastic anditems creating tension that can be substituted and used herein.

Handle structure 10 may be manufactured from plastic, wood, laminates,metal, fiber reinforced plastics (e.g., carbon or glass fibers inacrylonitrile butadiene styrene (“ABS”) plastic), or another sturdymaterial. The balancer 60 may likewise be manufactured from a variety ofmaterials, such as plastics (e.g., ABS), metals, and so forth. The topresistance band 90 and bottom resistance band 92 may be manufacturedfrom rubber, latex, or another elastic material. For the purposes ofthis disclosure, we focus on resistance bands 90 and 92 constructedusing elastomer tubing or cables made from rubber or latex, but otherelastic materials are available (e.g., sheathed elastic cords, elasticstraps, and so on). Both resistance bands 90 and 92 may be constructedusing the same materials, or may also use different materials. The topand bottom interconnectors 91 and 93 may be flexible or rigid and may bemanufactured from plastic, metal, nylon, or another material with goodproperties for interconnectors, cords, loops, or rings. The disclosedthreaded and non-threaded: bolts, nuts, washers, pins, inserts,bushings, and knobs (e.g., threaded bolts 65, washers 66, and sightmount inserts 67) may be manufactured from one or more machined metal(e.g., stainless steel, aluminum, brass, etc.), plastic, or anothersturdy material. For example, the adjustment knobs 75 and 76 may have astainless steel threaded shaft with an ABS plastic handle portion. Thetop and bottom spools 73 and 74 may be manufactured from metal (e.g.,aluminum), plastic, or another sturdy material.

FIG. 5 illustrates a user dry firing an archery training system 1. Inoperation, a user of the archery training system 1 will grasp the handlestructure 10 with the non-shooting hand, meaning the left hand if theuser shoots right-handed or the right hand if the user shootsleft-handed. With the other hand (i.e., the shooting hand) the user willengage a release aid 85 to one or both interconnectors 91 and 93 ofresistance bands 90 and 92. If the release aid 85 is a version using aone-sided hook, then the user will feed the looped end of topinterconnector 91 through the looped end of bottom interconnector 93 andattach the hooked-version release aid 85 to looped end of topinterconnector 91. A clasp-style release aid 85 can be attached in thesame manner or clasped around looped ends of both interconnectors 91 and93 at the same time. Then the user fully extends the arm grasping thehandle structure 10 so that the balancer 60 is positioned roughlyperpendicularly to the user's body for example. The user's hand with therelease aid 85 (normally used to draw a bowstring) draws rearward fromthe handle structure 10 expanding resistance bands 90 and 92, therebymimicking the motion and feel of drawing a bowstring. When the topresistance band 90 exposed from the balancer 60 expands rearwardrelative to the handle structure 10, thereby creating weighted tensionapproximately equal to the draw weight of a fully drawn bowstring (e.g.,approximately 1-70 pounds, 1-40 pounds, 3-30 pounds, or 3-22 pounds).When the bottom resistance band 92 expands rearward relative to thehandle structure 10, it creates weighted tension counterbalancing theforce or tension generated by an expanded top resistance band 90 (e.g.,approximately 1-70 pounds, 1-40 pounds, 3-30 pounds, or 3-19 pounds).Bottom resistance band 92 may be adjusted to better counterbalance thehandle structure 10 and/or the extended top resistance band 90 accordingto the user's preference and shooting style. When the user's release aid85 is triggered to release interconnector 91 of top resistance band 90,each resistance band will retract to original position in a safe andcontrolled manner. Application of the archery training system 1 asdescribed will be repeated as desired to achieve muscle strengthening,psychological confidence, and shooting form enhancement specific to themanipulation of a release aid 85.

Referring still to FIGS. 1-5, the user can adjust the tension of topresistance band 90 by removing locking pin 80 from the top locking pinhousing 50, loosening top adjustment knob 75, rotating top spool 73counterclockwise to increase tension or clockwise to decrease tension,tightening top adjustment knob 75, and then inserting locking pin 80through top spool 73 and into top locking pin housing 50. In thismanner, the user may rotate top spool 73 by turning top adjustment knob75 a number of top turns 55 (e.g., 0.25 to 4.00 turns, 0.25 to 1.50turns, etc.). The user can adjust the tension of bottom resistance band92 by removing locking pin 80 from the bottom locking pin housings 44and 48, loosening bottom adjustment knob 76, rotating bottom spool 74counterclockwise to increase tension or clockwise to decrease tension,tightening bottom adjustment knob 76, and then inserting locking pin 80through bottom spool 74 and bottom locking pin housings 44 and 48. Inthis manner, the user may rotate bottom spool 74 by turning bottomadjustment knob 76 a number of bottom turns 56 (e.g., 0.25 to 4.00turns, 0.25 to 1.50 turns, etc.). The number of top turns 55 and numberof bottom turns 56 are measured with respect to an original position ofspools 73 and 74. For example, spools 73 and 74 may be configured toturn in increments of 1/10, ⅛, ¼, or ½ of a turn (i.e., a full rotationof spools 73 or 74).

Thus, in operation, when the user holds handle structure 10 at handle 26and then draws or pulls rearward with release aid 85 coupled tointerconnectors 91 and 93, resistance bands 90 and 92 both expandcreating draw tension (by top resistance band 90) and counter tension(by bottom resistance band 92) to balance the handle structure 10. Whenthe release aid 85 is operated or triggered per manufacturer design, theresistance bands 90 and 92 retract to original size away from the usersafely. Thus, the user may safely “dry fire” archery training system 1.

Tables 1 and 2 below list examples according to some implementations ofthe resulting tension a user feels during dry firing of archery trainingsystem 1 depending on: the top draw length 98, the bottom draw length99, the number of top turns 55, and the number of bottom turns 56. Table1 lists the resulting tension the user feels from top resistance band 90depending on the user's set top draw length 98 and the number of topturns 55 the user turned top spool 73 of top tensioner 70. For example,with a top draw length 98 set to 26 inches, the user may change thetension from 9 pounds at the original position (i.e., top number ofturns 55=0.00 turns) to 12 pounds of tension by rotating top spool 73counterclockwise by three quarters of a full rotation (i.e., top numberof turns 55=0.75 turns) (see Table 1).

TABLE 1 Top Draw Length Top Spool 73 Rotated by_.__ Top Number of Turns55 98 (in 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 inches) Resulting Tensionof Top Resistance Band 90 (in lbs.) 20″ 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 21″ 4 5 6 7 8 9 1022″ 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 23″ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 24″ 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 25″ 8 910 11 12 13 14 26″ 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 27″ 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 28″ 1112 13 14 15 16 17 29″ 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 30″ 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 31″14 15 16 17 18 19 20 32″ 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 33″ 16 17 18 19 20 21 22

Table 2 lists the resulting tension the user feels from bottomresistance band 92 depending on the user's set bottom draw length 99 andthe number of bottom turns 56 the user turned bottom spool 74 of bottomtensioner 72. For example, with a bottom draw length 99 set to 18inches, the user may change the tension from 18 pounds at the originalposition (i.e., bottom number of turns 56=0.00 turns) to 5 pounds oftension by rotating bottom spool 74 counterclockwise by one and onequarter rotations (i.e., bottom number of turns 56=1.25 turns) (seeTable 2). In other words, the original or start position of the bandsthe when the spools are turned counter clockwise until the top band iswithin 1 inch of the balancer opening. Then the initial adjustment fordraw lengths 15″-19″ is clockwise thereby resulting in the measurementsof Table 2.

TABLE 2 Bottom Draw Length Bottom Spool 74 Rotated by_.__ Bottom Numberof Turns 56 99 (in 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50 inches) ResultingTension of Bottom Resistance Band 92 (in lbs.) 15″ 15 11  9 6 5 3 nr 16″16 12 10 7 6 4 nr 17″ 17 13 11 8 7 5 4 18″ 18 14 12 9 8 6 5 19″ 19 15 1310  9 7 6

Tables 1 and 2 provide examples of possible tension settings forresistance bands 90 and 92, but these values for tension may change ifresistance bands 90 and 92 are constructed of different materials, havea thicker or thinner gage, tensioning elements are added or removed(e.g., adding elastic bands within a hollow tube), and so forth.

The total tension felt by the user is the sum of the tension from thetop resistance band 90 and the tension from the bottom resistance band92. Tension can be measured by putting end loop 91 through end loop 93,connecting a scale to end loop 91, drawing rearward to each respectivedraw length in relationship to a tape measure for example, and readingthe scale measurement respectively.

Many additional archery training system implementations are possible.For the exemplary purposes of this disclosure, some implementationsinclude other enhancements, accessories, or add-ons aimed at furtheringthe user's experience and application of an archery training system,such as, but not limited to: Weighted threaded male bolts or alternatecomponents that provide the user with vertical resistance similar tothat experienced during the operation of a compound bow; Electronic bowsights including pins and electronic ports to connect enhancements,accessories, or add-ons; Electronic archery target or receiving unit;Electronic mechanical release aid or electronic push switch sleevefitting various mechanical release aids on the market today; Electroniccontroller built into the handle structure; Electronic handgrip orelectronic push switch handgrip adaptor; Archery training,entertainment, and competition video game controlled by the electronicbow sights, electronic handgrip, handle structure, and/or the electronicmechanical release aid; and/or Wrist sling.

FIG. 6 depicts implementations including electrical components. Archerytraining system 1 may be implemented as an electronic training system 3by including components such as an electronic sight 101. Sight 100 iscoupled to either right sight post 32 (as shown) or left sight post 36.In certain implementations, sight 100 is an electronic sight 101 havingelectronically enabled sight elements and/or the ability to interactwith additional electronic components.

Grip sensor 120 is attached or incorporated into handle 26 of handlestructure 10. Grip sensor 120 is electrically coupled to grip switch 121(see FIG. 8) and may comprise, for example, a pressure plate thatactuates or compresses to activate the electrical components of gripswitch 121 when the user grips handle 26. Grip sensor 120 electronicallycommunicates with electronic sight 101 using the handle to sight bus140.

Electronic release aid 130 includes an electronic trigger 131 that iselectrically coupled to a trigger switch 132 (see FIG. 8). Electronictrigger 131 may electronically communicate with electronic sight 101using the trigger to sight bus 141. Electronic sight 101 and additionalelectronic components may, for example, include: electricallyilluminated sight pins; positioning devices that interact with a videogame, smart phone application, and the like.

FIG. 7 shows various implementations of electronic sight 101. Electronicsight 101 includes a sight arm 102 attached to a sight ring 110 with atleast one (three shown) sight pin 111 attached to and protruding inwardsfrom sight ring 110. Sight arm may include electronic circuitry 109receiving power from a battery or other power source (not shown) locatedin battery slot 108, all of which is housed within arm housing 103 andcovered by arm cover 104. Electronic sight 101 attaches to right sightpost 32 using threaded bolts 106 that couple the sight arm 102 to bowsight guide holes 33 and 34 (using sight mount inserts 67). Bolts 106can similarly attach electronic sight 101 to left sight post 36. Bolts106 can be configured to be hidden under arm cover 104 or alternativelybe accessible to insert or be removed from bow sight guide holes 33 and34 while arm cover 104 is fixedly mated with arm housing 103. Arm cover104 mates with arm housing 103 and is secured by bolt 112. Battery slot108 is covered by battery cover 105, which is secured by bolt 107. Itwill be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that in someimplementations a bolt may be interchangeable with a screw or otherremovable fasteners.

Electronic circuitry 109 may include circuits, logic, firmware, and/orsoftware to control electrical operation of one or more of theelectrical and/or electromechanical elements of electronic trainingsystem 3. For example, electronic circuitry 109 may include circuitry115 and/or transmitter 116 of FIG. 8. In alternative implementations,electronic circuitry 109 performs a portion of these controllingfunctions while an additional controller circuit is incorporated inanother area of electronic training system 3 (e.g., coupled to sightarea 30, handle area 20, or tensioning area 40). In further alternativeimplementations, electronic circuitry 109 is omitted from electronicsight 101 altogether.

FIG. 8 shows a circuit diagram of various implementations of electronictraining system 3. Circuitry 115 powered by power source 118 may beimplemented and assist a user in archery training. When the user dryfires electronic training system 3 by activating the electronic trigger131 of electronic release aid 130, trigger switch 132 is closed. Inaddition, the grip switch 121 of grip sensor 120 will have already beenclosed because the user is firmly holding the handle 26 in order to dryfire. With trigger switch 132 and grip switch 121 closed, an electronicpulse may initiate a sequence where transmitter 116 communicateswirelessly or in a wired fashion with receiving unit 117. Suchcommunication can be for motion tracking methods and other features andmethods.

FIGS. 9-12 depict additional implementations including electricalcomponents where archery training system 1 may be implemented as amotorized tensioner training system 5. For example, either one or bothof tensioners 70 and 72 may be replaced with a motorized tensioner 160.Control panel 180 may operate and adjust the one or more motorizedtensioner device 160 using a display screen (possibly a touch screen)and/or various buttons, knobs, switches, arrows, and the like. Forexample, the user may adjust the amount of tension up or down for one orboth of resistance bands 90 and 92 (each coupled with a motorizedtensioner 160) through the interface of control panel 180. Batterysupply 186 may also be added to provide power for control of motorizedtensioners 160 or other electronically controlled elements. Electronicsight 101, electronic release aid 130, and grip sensor 120 may beelectrically coupled to right hub 145 using sight bus 142, trigger bus143, and handle bus 144. Left hub 146 may also electrically coupleelectronic elements in certain embodiments, for example, such as whenelectronic sight 101 is coupled to left sight post 36. While a wiredsystem has been described, similar components can be configured toprovide wireless communication and interaction.

FIG. 10 illustrates tensioning area 40 where motorized tensioners 160can be housed in top recess 170 or bottom recess 171 formed withintensioning area 40 of handle structure 10. Top and bottom recesses 170and 171 may be sufficiently large to house motorized tensioners 160 thatare attached permanently or are removably affixed to handle structure 10such that the motorized tensioners 160 do not separate from handlestructure 10 when the motorized tensioner training system 5 is dry firedby a user.

FIGS. 11 and 12 depict two exploded perspective views of the motorizedtensioner 160. Motorized tensioner 160 may contain a motor 162 locatedin housing 161 with cover plate 163 having an electronic port 164. Wires165 connect motor 162 to electronic port 164. Drive shaft 168 of motor162 is configured to protrude from housing 161. Spool 166 couples withthe drive shaft 168 of motor 162, for example, by using bolt 167 tofixedly secure spool 166 to drive shaft 168. Spool 166 is configured tocouple with the proximate section 95 or 97 of, respectively, either topresistance band 90 or bottom resistance band 92. In some implementationstwo motorized tensioners 160 are employed (one coupled to top resistanceband 90 and another coupled to bottom resistance band 92). In otherimplementations only one of resistance bands 90 and 92 are coupled witha motorized tensioner 160, while the other resistance band couples withanother type of tensioner (e.g., tensioners 70 or 72, or rod tensioner194 discussed below).

In some implementations, motorized tensioner training system 5 isoperable to variably adjust the tension with a motorized tensioner 160.Motorized tensioner(s) 160 may be set to have a variable tension tomimic a compound bow having a set tension with a let-off. That is, thevariable tension may be set at full strength for most of the user's drawlength, but then reduced to a let-off strength tension for the lastportion of the user's draw length. For example, motorized tensioner(s)160 may set the tension at 40 pounds (an example of full strength) formost of the user's draw length, but then reduce the tension to 30 pounds(an example of a let-off tension) for the last portion of the user'sdraw length.

FIG. 13 illustrates electronic training system 3 or motorized tensionertraining system 5 used with an electronic simulator 152. FIG. 14illustrates electronic training system 3 or motorized tensioner trainingsystem 5 used with video game console 155 and video display 156. For theexemplary purposes of this disclosure, in some implementations, anelectronic training system 3 or motorized tensioner training system 5may provide a platform for one or more electronic shooting modes 150,such as electronic target practice, video gaming, or other technologicalmodes of delivery to provide instant user feedback in an entertainingyet educational way. Electronic target practice may consist of anelectronic target board 153 that receives a signal from training system3/5 when the training system 3/5 is actuated, thus enabling visual andaudio feedback for quality of shot placement. Video gaming may include:a variety of 3D target courses from geographical locations worldwide;electronic bow sight 101 or other circuitry that will detect therearward pull of resistance bands 90 and 92 and the placement of thesight pins 111 on the various 3D targets during course training,competition, and target practice; and electronic trigger 131 actuationof electronic release aid 130 causing flight of an arrow in thesimulated gaming environment, thereby, simulating and providing a safereal world experience for users of all ages and gender.

Such electronic target shooting as described here affords universalapplication of the training system 3/5 for users of all skill levelacross the life continuum such as the provision of an alternativeenvironment for competition, target shooting, and training; andpublic/private educators will now have an equally safe environment forinstruction of novice archers. Examples of electronic components used insuch implementations include one or more or all of the following. Anelectronic control (such as control panel 180) built into the handlestructure 10 may regulate draw weight (i.e., tension), draw length98/99, and store multiple user's settings in addition, but not limited,to navigating electronic gaming components via navigation buttons. Thehandle 26 may have pressure sensors (such as grip sensor 120), or anyother mechanism for detecting the drawing of training system 3/5, toactivate when resistance from user's hand in relationship to the presetdraw weight and draw length 98/99 (in the handle structure) is detectedat handle 26. Once the grip sensor 120 is activated then the electronicbow sight 101 may track sight movement in relationship to the electronictarget (e.g., dartboard style target or 3D archery target gaming, etc.).With sight pins 111 placed on or near the target, the electronic trigger131 of electronic release aid 130 is actuated by the user, which maythen cause: 1) a laser signal to be sent to a dartboard-style targetsimilar to the way laser tag works; or 2) an electronic signal is sentto a gaming console 155, thus triggering arrow flight simulation in thegame in relationship to sight pin 111 placement and the target withinthe game. The simulated images produced by gaming console 155 may bedisplayed on display device 156, which may be a television or otherdisplay device. If the user chooses not to activate electronic trigger131 of electronic release aid 130 and “let down” the training system 3/5without firing an arrow, then a “kill switch” button (not shown) may bepressed by the user's index finger on the handle structure 10. Furtherexamples, components, accessories, and explanations are provided below.

FIGS. 15-17 depict implementations of an archery training system 1 witha rod tensioner 190. FIG. 15 depicts an exploded side perspective viewof implementations of a rod tensioner 190. FIG. 16 depicts a sideperspective view of implementations of a rod tensioner 190. FIG. 17depicts perspective views of implementations of an archery trainingsystem 1 with a rod tensioner 190. Rod tensioner 190 may be used insteadof top tensioner 70, bottom tensioner 72, or motorized tensioner 160.Rod tensioner 190 may comprise a knob 194 attached to a coupling rod 195coaxially aligned and coupled with threaded shaft 193. Knob 194 andcoupling rod 195 may be manufactured together, for example, by injectionmolding plastic over a portion of threaded shaft 193, which may be metalor another sturdy material. Coupling rod is adapted to couple withresistance bands 90 or 92 (i.e., either proximate section 95 or 97)using coupling plate 192 that is secured with bolts 191 to applypressure to resistance band 90 or 92. Rod tensioner 190 couples withhandle structure 10 by inserting threaded shaft 193 through toptensioner guide hole 49 and screwing twisting nut 79 onto a protrudingportion of threaded shaft 193. Referring specifically to FIG. 17, theuser may increase tension of top resistance band 90 by rotating knob 194counterclockwise (or decrease tension by rotating clockwise).

In some implementations, bottom tensioner 72 may slightly modifiedversion of rod tensioner 190. For example, the amount of material ofcoupling rod 195 can be increased to coaxially extend further alongthreaded shaft 193 (e.g., extending to about length 196) and couplingplate 193 can move further along the axis to couple some distance awayfrom knob 194 (e.g., the width of right tensioner post 42, 0.1-0.7inches, and the like). Also, bottom tensioner guide hole can be sized toallow coupling rod 195 to pass through and bottom tensioner guide hole47 can be threaded to fit threaded shaft 193. Thus, bottom resistanceband 92 may be coupled with the extended coupling rod 195 at a couplingplate 192 centrally located within bottom tensioner slot 41.

FIGS. 18A-21 illustrate various implementations of a fixedinterconnector 200. FIG. 21 illustrates a rear perspective view ofvarious implementations of an archery training system 1 with fixedinterconnectors 200. Fixed interconnector 200 may be used in place ofone or both of top interconnector 91 and bottom interconnector 93. Fixedinterconnector 200 may include an enclosure lid 202 designed toremovably attach to enclosure body 201 using bolt 208, for example, in aclamshell fashion as shown. Enclosure lid 202 has hole 204 such thatthreaded bolt 208 can be screwed into and through hole 204 to couplewith body boss 207, thereby securely attaching enclosure lid 202 toenclosure body 201. Fixed interconnector 200 is designed to fixedlyattach to the distal section 94 or 96 of resistance bands 90 or 92, andcan attach in a number of ways (“fixedly attach” does not mean“permanently attach” because distal section 94 or 96 can be removed by,for example, opening enclosure 201/202). Distal section 94 or 96 mayattach by being inserted into entry hole 209 at tapered portion 203 andthen tying part of distal section 94 or 96 in a knot with a diameterlarger than entry hole 209. Some implementations may insert a stopperwithin a hollow interior of the elastomeric tube of distal section 94 or96 where the stopper (not shown) has a diameter larger than entry hole209. Or, distal section 94 or 96 may pass through a nut, ring, chock, orsimilar jamming element (again, larger than the diameter of the entryhole 209) and distal section 94 or 96 may be tied around this jammingelement such that the knot is either inside or outside the fixedinterconnector 200.

Loop 210 is provided to allow a user to engage a release aid 85 with thearchery training system 1. Loop 210 couples with the enclosure body 201and lid 202, and may couple in a variety of different ways. For example,both the enclosure body 201 and lid 202 may have a loop notch 205 sothat tying loop 210 in a knot larger than the diameter of the loopnotches 205 will prevent loop 210 from slipping out of fixedinterconnector 200 during the tension experienced by dry firing. In someimplementations loop 210 may pass through a nut, ring, chock, or similarjamming element (again, larger than the diameter of the loop notches205). Loop 210 may also wrap around body boss 207 and/or lid boss 206,which are joined when enclosure lid 202 is bolted to enclosure body 201.Thus, loop 210 extends from the enclosure body 201 and lid 202 such thatloop 210 may engage a release aid 85 without inadvertently detachingfrom the enclosure body 201 and lid 202.

FIGS. 22-25 illustrate various implementations of a fixed interconnector215. FIG. 25 illustrates a rear perspective view of variousimplementations of an archery training system 1 with fixedinterconnectors 215. Fixed interconnector 215 may be used in place ofone or both of top interconnector 91 and bottom interconnector 93. Fixedinterconnector 215 may include a female portion 216 adapted to couplewith a male portion 217 using any one of a variety of coupling orfastening mechanisms, such as male and female threaded couplers as shownin FIGS. 22-24. Fixed interconnector 215 is designed to fixedly attachto the distal section 94 or 96 of resistance bands 90 or 92, and canattach in a number of ways (“fixedly attach” does not mean “permanentlyattach” because distal section 94 or 96 can be removed by, for example,uncoupling female portion 216 and male portion 217). Distal section 94or 96 may attach by being inserted into entry hole 219 and then tyingpart of distal section 94 or 96 in a knot with a diameter larger thanentry hole 219. Some implementations may insert a stopper within ahollow interior of the elastomeric tube of distal section 94 or 96 wherethe stopper (not shown) has a diameter larger than entry hole 219. Or,distal section 94 or 96 may pass through a nut, ring, chock, or similarjamming element (again, larger than the diameter of the entry hole 219)and distal section 94 or 96 may be tied around this jamming element suchthat the knot is either inside or outside the fixed interconnector 215.

Loop 210 is provided to allow a user to engage a release aid 85 with thearchery training system 1. Loop 210 couples with the fixedinterconnector 215 at holes 218. Loop 210 may, for example, insert intoone hole 218, out another hole 218, and then the ends of loop 210 aretied or coupled to securely couple to the female portion 216 of fixedinterconnector 215. Alternatively, loop 210 may be tied into a knot oraround a nut or stopper located inside the femail portion 216 so thatthe loop 210 will not slip out of hole(s) 219 because theknot/nut/stopper is larger than hole(s) 219. Thus, loop 210 extends fromfixed interconnector 215 such that loop 210 may engage a release aid 85without inadvertently detaching from the enclosure body 201 and lid 202.

FIGS. 26-30 illustrate various implementations of an adjustableinterconnector 220. FIG. 30 illustrates a rear perspective view ofvarious implementations of an archery training system 1 with adjustableinterconnectors 220. Adjustable interconnector 220 may be used in placeof one or both of top interconnector 91 and bottom interconnector 93. Inaddition, archery training system 1 may be implemented using a fixedinterconnector 200 and an adjustable interconnector 220. Adjustableinterconnector 220 may include an enclosure lid 222 designed toremovably attach to enclosure body 221 using bolts 227, for example, ina clamshell fashion as shown. Enclosure lid 222 has holes 224 such thatthreaded bolts 227 can be screwed into and through holes 224 to couplelid and body portions of first boss 228 and second boss 229, therebysecurely attaching enclosure lid 222 to enclosure body 221. Each ofenclosure body 221 and enclosure lid 222 may have loop holes 223 forthreading loop 230 through. Enclosure body 221 may have a sloped pincher226 configured to operate with a scalloped pincher 225 of enclosure lid222 such that distal section 94 or 96 is pinched between pinchers 225and 226 to prevent distal section 94 or 96 from slipping out of theadjustable interconnector 220.

Adjustable interconnector 220 is designed to adjustably attach to thedistal section 94 or 96 of resistance bands 90 or 92, and can attach ina number of ways. Distal section 94 or 96 may adjustably attach by beinginserted into entry hole 231 and wrapping around first boss 228 (i.e.,between first boss 228 and second boss 229) and exiting entry hole 231(see, e.g., FIGS. 26 and 29). Thus, distal section 94 or 96 is preventedfrom slipping out of adjustable interconnector by the compressionprovided by the bight of distal section 94 or 96 around first boss 228.Alternatively, distal section 94 or 96 may wrap around second boss 229instead of first boss 228. Some implementations may increase the bighton distal section 94 or 96 by wrapping around second boss 229 and thenthreading the distal end 232 of distal section 94 or 96 between secondboss 229 and first boss 228 so that distal section 94 or 96 compressesagainst itself as it passes on one side of first boss 228.

Some implementations of adjustable interconnector 220 may use a clamp orother adjustably compressive element (not shown) to couple around aportion of distal section 94 or 96 nearest distal end 232 (andprotruding outside of adjustable interconnector 220). This clamp orother adjustably compressive element tightly compresses distal section94 or 96 or can slide up or down distal section 94 or 96 when notcompressed. Further, this clamp or other adjustably compressive elementprevents distal section 94 or 96 from slipping out of the adjustableinterconnector 220 by being large enough to jam itself against entryhole 231 without slipping entirely out of adjustable interconnector 220.The clamp or other adjustably compressive element may, for example, bea: clamp, clasp, latch, cam, fastener, and the like.

Scalloped pincher 225 and sloped pincher 226 may also apply pressure todistal section 94 or 96 by clamping down on distal section 94 or 96 bythe shape and degree of the scallops and slopes. Some implementationsapply enough pressure to distal section 94 or 96 through scallopedpincher 225 and sloped pincher 226 so that they are the primarymechanism of preventing slippage. Other implementations may apply somepressure to distal section 94 or 96 through scalloped pincher 225 andsloped pincher 226, but also rely on other compressive or bightingmechanisms to prevent slippage. Further implementations may omitscalloped pincher 225 and sloped pincher 226 altogether (e.g., entryhole 231 would have non-pinching edges).

Loop 230 is provided to allow a user to engage a release aid 85 with thearchery training system 1. Loop 230 couples with the enclosure body 221and lid 222, and may couple in a variety of different ways. For example,both the enclosure body 221 and lid 222 may have holes 223 so that loop230 can pass through holes 223 and create a loop 230. Alternativeimplementations may couple loop 230 using loop notches 205 or holes 219(see fixed interconnector 200 and fixed interconnector 215) instead ofholes 223. It follows that fixed interconnector 200 or fixedinterconnector 215 may also use holes 223 to couple with loop 210instead of loop notches 205 or holes 219. A person of ordinary skill inthe art can (a) couple loop 230 to adjustable interconnector 220, (b)couple loop 210 to fixed interconnector 200, or (c) couple loop 210 tofixed interconnector 215 using a variety of other coupling or fasteningmechanisms not expressly discussed here (e.g., couplers, fasteners,knots, bights, chocks, plugs, stoppers, loops, clasps, etc.), and theseother couplers and fasteners are implicitly included in this disclosure.

Moreover, it follows that a person of ordinary skill in the art mayreadily envision other mechanisms to fixedly couple distal section 94 or96 to fixed interconnector 200 or to adjustably couple distal section 94or 96 to adjustable interconnector 220 by using numerous additionalcoupling or fastening mechanisms not expressly discussed here. Forexample, couplers, fasteners, knots, bights, chocks, plugs, stoppers,loops, clasps, and so forth may be used. These additional couplers andfasteners are implicitly included in this disclosure.

FIG. 31 is a perspective view of various implementations of an archerystrength trainer 7. Strength trainer 7 may be implemented using, forexample, any one of archery training system 1, electronic trainingsystem 3, or motorized tensioner training system 5. In strength trainer7, top and bottom resistance bands 90 and 92 are omitted, a strengthresistance band 242 is added, and the tensioners (70, 72, 160, or 190)are not coupled to any resistance bands (90, 92, or 242). Strengthresistance band 242 is manufactured to provide sufficient resistance toallow the user to increase the strength of muscles used in archery bydry firing strength trainer 7. Strength trainer 7 may employ a set ofvarious strength resistance bands 242 having different resistance valuesthat may be color coded for ease of use (e.g., green band=10 lbs., blueband=20 lbs., yellow band=30 lbs., black band=40 lbs., red band=50 lbs.,and so forth). Strength resistance band 242 may include a top distalsection 244, a bottom distal section 246, and a bottom distal end 248.Strength resistance band 242 couples with handle structure 10 by passingthrough balancer pass-through 62, top port 22, hollow section 23, andbottom port 24 in a manner similar to top resistance band 90 of archerytraining system 1 (see FIGS. 1-3). However, strength resistance band 242differs from top resistance band 90, for example, because bottom distalsection 246 does not couple with top tensioner 70. Instead, bottomdistal section 246 of strength resistance band 242 bends outwards uponexiting bottom port 24 to extend away from handle structure 10. Bottomdistal section 246 may couple with various interconnectors, such asinterconnector 91/93, fixed interconnector 200, or adjustableinterconnector 220 (as shown). Similarly, top distal section 244 maycouple with an interconnector such as interconnector 91/93, fixedinterconnector 200 (as shown), or adjustable interconnector 220. Top andbottom distal sections 244 and 246 may couple with interconnectors 91,93, 200, or 220 in manners similar to the way these interconnectorscouple with distal sections 94 and 96 as described herein.

The user may practice strength-training exercises with strength trainer7, for example, by coupling a release aid 85 (not shown) to loops210/230 of interconnectors 200/220 in manners similar to those describedabove (e.g., the discussion of release aid 85 for FIGS. 1-6), and thendry firing strength trainer 7. Alternative implementations may utilize afixed aid (not shown) akin to release aid 85, except that the fixed aiddoes not release from loops 210/230 as strength resistance band 242 isextended and distended during dry fire practicing for strength building.In some implementations, adjustable interconnector(s) 220 may couplewith bottom distal section 246 and/or top distal section 244. Inimplementations utilizing at least one adjustable interconnector 220,the resistance value of strength resistance band 242 can be increased byadjusting the location of adjustable interconnector 220 axially toshorten strength resistance band 242 (or decreasing the resistance valueby lengthening band 242 by moving interconnector 220). Adjusting thelength can adjust the resistance by some degree because of progressiveresistance of bands.

FIGS. 32-36 illustrate various views and implementations of an archeryrelease aid configured to mimic the finger positioning of a traditionalbow, and is designated a finger release aid 250. Finger release aid 250may comprise body 251 fixedly attached to a proximate portion of nock252, where body 251 also includes: a top arm 257 having a distal portionfixedly attached to a top string 253, and a bottom arm 258 having adistal portion fixedly attached to a bottom string 254, such that thedistal portion of nock 252 fixedly attaches to both top string 253 andbottom string 254 in the area between top arm 257 and bottom arm 258.Top string 253 and bottom string 254 are constructed to mimic the feelof shooting a traditional bow (rather than a compound bow) with fingersplaced on a bow string above and below a nock from an actual arrow. Forexample, FIGS. 35 and 36 depict the user's fingers placed on top andbottom string 253 and 254 of finger release aid 250 to mimic the feel ofshooting a traditional bow during dry firing. In some implementationstop string 253 and bottom string 254 are one continual string thatpasses through a hole or nock at the distal portion of nock 252 and issecured to top arm 257 and bottom arm 258 (e.g., being tied off orfrayed and melted after passing through holes), and may be, for examplea commercially available bow string such as a preferred bow string ofthe user. In some implementations, nock 252 has at least two verticalholes (not shown) configured to allow string 253/254 to pass therethrough at different points along the axis of nock 252 and therebyallowing the user to adjust the angles of string 253/254 according todraw length and preference. In other implementations, nock 252 may havean additional sleeve or other component that slidably moves along nock252.

FIG. 37 depicts angles between various elements of the finger releaseaid 250. Finger release aid 250 is constructed to mimic the actualangles of a bowstring near an arrow's nock and to promote propershooting form by the placement and shape of bottom slit 256 and/or topslit 255. FIG. 37 shows exemplary angles for constructing finger releaseaid 250. Finger release aid 250 is depicted with the axis of nock 252set along x-axis 260, with y-axis 261 intersecting x-axis 260 at thepoint an arrow's nock would press against a bow string, which is denotedas origin 262. Angle θ (theta) 263 is the angle between y-axis 261 andtop string 253, and may have an angle of approximately: 5° to 40°, 17°to 33°, 17° to 23°, or 19° to 21°. Angle φ (phi) 264 is the anglebetween y-axis 261 and bottom string 254, and may have an angle ofapproximately: 5° to 40°, 13° to 27°, 13° to 19°, or 15° to 17°. Angle ω(omega) 266 is the angle between y-axis 261 and depth 267 of bottom slit256, and may have an angle of approximately: 40° to 70°, 50° to 60°, or53° to 57°. In some implementations, angle θ (theta) 263 isapproximately 20°, angle φ (phi) 264 is approximately 16°, and angle ω(omega) 266 is approximately 55°. In certain implementations angle θ(theta) 263 and angle φ (phi) 264 approximately correspond to the user'sdraw length such that an increased draw length results in increases inone or both of angle θ (theta) 263 and angle φ (phi) 264.

Referring to FIGS. 32-37, body 251 includes a top slit 255 positionednear nock 252 and configured to releasably couple with topinterconnector 91, and also includes a bottom slit 256 positioned in thebottom region of body 251 and configured to releasably couple withbottom interconnector 93. As with some implementations of release aid 85and electronic release aid 130, finger release aid 250 is designed insome implementations to couple with top resistance band 90, whichprovides the primary tension, and bottom resistance band 92, whichprovides counterbalance tension to better mimic the feeling of an actualbow. The shape and position within body 251 of top slit 255 and bottomslit 256 are specifically designed to teach the user proper form bysloping bottom slit 256 and/or top slit 255 such that the coupledinterconnector 91/93 will slip out if the user tilts finger release aid250 too much in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction (i.e., tiltingaround origin 262 of FIG. 37). For example, certain implementationsshape top slit 255 so that top interconnector 91 will slip out whenfinger release aid 250 is tilted counterclockwise too much, but bottomslit 256 is more narrowly shaped so that bottom interconnector 93 doesnot slip out of bottom slit 256 and remains inserted even after topinterconnector 91 has slipped out of top slit 255.

A wide variety of materials may be used to construct finger release aid250. Body 251 and nock 252 may be constructed of plastic, metal, wood,or any other rigid material. Top string 253 and bottom string 254 may beconstructed of a rigid material (e.g., metal, some plastics, etc.) or aflexible material (e.g., some plastics, natural or synthetic fibers, bowstrings, etc.). Nock 252 may be generally cylindrical in shape to mimicthe look and feel of the end of an arrow shaft and the shaft's nock, andmay have a diameter of about ¼″ at the proximate portion of nock 252(coupled to body 251) and then taper down to a diameter of about ⅜″ atthe distal portion of nock 252 (coupled to strings 253 and 254).

Referring still to FIGS. 32-37, the user may dry fire any one of archerytraining systems 1, 3, 5, or, 7 using finger release aid 250. The user'sindex finger may contact top string 253 (e.g., between the first andsecond knuckles) just above the nock 252. The user's third and fourthfingers (i.e., middle and ring fingers) may contact bottom string 254(e.g., between the first and second knuckles) just below the nock 252.The user's index finger may press in a downward motion in opposition tothe upper pressure applied by the user's third and fourth fingers,thereby squeezing the nock 252 in a manner akin to shooting an actualarrow. See FIGS. 35 and 36 for a depiction of this implementation.Finger placement may vary depending on the user's preference. Forinstance, training of new archers may include the index, third, andfourth fingers all being placed below the nock 252 with each fingerwrapping around the string and keeping the string between the first andsecond knuckles.

During dry firing with the finger release aid 130, the shape andposition of one or both of top slit 255 and bottom slit 256 play animportant role in training the user how to use proper form when firing atraditional bow. Thus, top slit 255 and/or bottom slit 256 are formed topromote proper form by keeping nock 252 perpendicular to the user'ssagittal plane (assuming the user is standing on a flat surface andshooting parallel to the ground surface). If the user fails to useproper form, at least one interconnector 91/93 will slip out of slits255/256. These mechanics provide instant feedback to the user concerningpoor finger shooting form and identify bad habits that need correction.Proper form includes keeping the nock 252 parallel to the ground andperpendicular to the sagittal plane of the user as described above, andmay also include equal rearward force being applied to both the topstring 253 and bottom string 254 during rearward draw and at a full drawhold position.

Specific to the individual user's preference, when the user is ready torelease the finger release aid 250 at full rearward draw, the userrelaxes the gripping fingers allowing finger release aid 250 to retracttowards the handle structure 10 as resistance bands 90 and 92 return totheir original positions of rest. In some implementations, the tensionof top resistance band 90 will cause the finger release aid 250 torotate away from the user (counterclockwise) towards the handlestructure 10, thereby causing top interconnector 91 to slip out of topslit 255 safely away from the user.

Thus, dry firing with finger release aid 250 may mimic the actions offinger shooting an arrow while using a traditional archery bow. Again,this provides instant feedback for users that have maintained properform during the draw, hold and release phases used during fingershooting.

FIGS. 38-47 illustrate various views and implementations of a stabilizer280 added to an archery training system 1. Stabilizer 280 may also beimplemented with electronic training system 3, motorized tensionertraining system 5, archery strength trainer 7, or other archery trainingsystems discussed herein. Stabilizer 280 may couple with handlestructure 10 at stabilizer connector 45 using stabilizer insert 52.Stabilizer 280 may comprise a stabilizer bracket 282, at least oneweight 290, and locking bolt 292.

FIG. 38 is a rear perspective exploded view of a stabilizer 280. FIG. 39is a side exploded view of a stabilizer 280. FIG. 40 is a rearperspective view of a stabilizer bracket 282 of stabilizer 280. FIG. 41is a side view of a stabilizer bracket 282. FIG. 42 is a frontperspective view of a stabilizer bracket 282. FIG. 43 is a front view ofa stabilizer bracket 282. FIG. 44 is a side exploded view of stabilizer280 coupled to stabilizer connector 45 of handle structure 10. FIG. 45is a side view of stabilizer 280 coupled to handle structure 10. FIG. 46is a front perspective exploded view of stabilizer 280 coupled to handlestructure 10. FIG. 47 is a front perspective view of stabilizer 280coupled to handle structure 10.

Stabilizer 280 may, for example, improve archery training system 1performance in one or more of the following ways: reducing torque,moving the center of gravity, improving the moment of inertia, helpingto keep the archery training system 1 steady when dry firing, dampeningvibrations, and reducing hand shock. Stabilizer 280 may include astabilizer bracket 282 adapted to releasably couple with a weight 290 bysliding weight 290 onto weight mount 284 and coupling locking bolt 292to threaded locking bolt hole 288. Stabilizer bracket 282 may include abracket mount 283 adapted to couple with stabilizer connector 45 bycoupling bolt 287 to bracket hole 286 and threaded stabilizer insert 52.Stabilizer bracket 282 may include a flexible bracket damper 285 thatflexibly exerts a force against handle structure 10 to dampen movementof stabilizer 280. In some implementations, the head of locking bolt 292contains a decoration 293, such as decal or etching of a symbol or otherproduct-identifying mark.

It will be understood that archery training system implementations(e.g., training systems 1, 3, 5, and 7) are not limited to the specificassemblies, devices and components disclosed in this document, asvirtually any assemblies, devices and components consistent with theintended operation of an archery training system implementation may beutilized. Accordingly, for example, although particular assemblies,devices and components are disclosed, such may comprise any shape, size,style, type, model, version, class, measurement, concentration,material, weight, quantity, and/or the like consistent with the intendedoperation of an archery training system implementation. Implementationsare not limited to uses of any specific assemblies, devices andcomponents; provided that the assemblies, devices and componentsselected are consistent with the intended operation of an archerytraining system implementation.

Accordingly, the components defining any archery training systemimplementation may be formed of any of many different types of materialsor combinations thereof that can readily be formed into shaped objectsprovided that the components selected are consistent with the intendedoperation of an archery training system implementation. For example, thecomponents may be formed of: polymers such as thermoplastics (such asABS, Fluoropolymers, Polyacetal, Polyamide; Polycarbonate, Polyethylene,Polysulfone, and/or the like), thermosets (such as Epoxy, PhenolicResin, Polyimide, Polyurethane, Silicone, and/or the like), anycombination thereof, and/or other like materials; glasses (such asquartz glass), carbon-fiber, aramid-fiber, any combination thereof,and/or other like materials; composites and/or other like materials;metals, such as zinc, magnesium, titanium, copper, lead, iron, steel,carbon steel, alloy steel, tool steel, stainless steel, brass, tin,antimony, pure aluminum, 1100 aluminum, aluminum alloy, any combinationthereof, and/or other like materials; alloys, such as aluminum alloy,titanium alloy, magnesium alloy, copper alloy, any combination thereof,and/or other like materials; any other suitable material; and/or anycombination of the foregoing thereof.

Various archery training system implementations may be manufacturedusing conventional procedures as added to and improved upon through theprocedures described here. Some components may be manufacturedsimultaneously and integrally joined with one another, while othercomponents may be purchased pre-manufactured or manufactured separatelyand then assembled with the integral components.

Accordingly, manufacture of these components separately orsimultaneously may involve extrusion, pultrusion, vacuum forming,injection molding, blow molding, resin transfer molding, casting,forging, cold rolling, milling, drilling, reaming, turning, grinding,stamping, cutting, bending, welding, soldering, hardening, riveting,punching, plating, and/or the like. If any of the components aremanufactured separately, they may then be coupled with one another inany manner, such as with adhesive, a weld, a fastener (e.g., a bolt, anut, a screw, a nail, a rivet, a pin, and/or the like), wiring, anycombination thereof, and/or the like for example, depending on, amongother considerations, the particular material forming the components.

Upon reading the teachings of this specification, those with ordinaryskill in the art will appreciate that, under certain circumstances,considering issues such as changes in technology, user requirements,etc., a variety of fastening devices may be used to “affix”, “couple”,and/or “releasably couple” (as those words are used herein) one or morecomponents of the present disclosure. These fastening devices mayinclude one or more of the following: adhesives, bolts, buckles, clasps,latches, locks, screws, snaps, clamps, connectors, couplings, ties, orother fastening means yet to be developed.

Likewise, upon reading the teachings of this specification, those withordinary skill in the art will appreciate that, under certaincircumstances, considering issues such as changes in technology, subjectrequirements, etc., a variety of fastening devices, such as adhesives,belts, bolts, buckles, clasps, latches, locks, screws, snaps, clamps,connectors, couplings, ties or other fastening means yet to be developedmay be used in lieu of—or in conjunction with—any of the fasteners orfastening means discussed above.

It will be understood that the assembly of archery training systemimplementations are not limited to the specific order of steps asdisclosed in this document. Any steps or sequence of steps of theassembly of mechanical release archery training system implementationsindicated herein are given as examples of possible steps or sequence ofsteps and not as limitations, since various assembly processes andsequences of steps may be used to assemble archery training systemimplementations.

In places where the description above refers to particularimplementations, it should be readily apparent that a number ofmodifications may be made without departing from the spirit thereof andthat these implementations may be applied to other implementationsdisclosed or undisclosed. The accompanying claims are intended to coversuch modifications as would fall within the true spirit and scope of thedisclosure set forth in this document. The presently disclosedimplementations are, therefore, to be considered in all respects asillustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the disclosure beingindicated by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description.All changes that come within the meaning of and range of equivalency ofthe claims are intended to be embraced therein.

Further implementations are within the claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. An archery training system comprising: atraining device having a handle, the training device having a long axisthat intersects the handle; a first tensioner attached to the trainingdevice; and a first resistance band coupled to the first tensioner andcoupled to a first interconnector; whereby the first interconnector iscapable of being operatively engaged by a release aid held in a user'sshooting hand, permitting the user to draw apart the first resistanceband and the handle held in the user's non-shooting hand and dry firethe archery training device.
 2. The training system of claim 1, whereinthe first interconnector comprises a loop, ring, rope, string, cable, orwire capable of being operatively engaged by the release aid.
 3. Thetraining system of claim 1, wherein the first resistance band and thefirst tensioner are operable together to adjust a let-off tension forthe first resistance band to at least one value between 1 and 70 pounds.4. The training system of claim 3, wherein the let-off tension isincreased by adjusting the first tensioner in a first direction and thelet-off tension is decreased by adjusting the first tensioner in asecond direction.
 5. The training system of claim 1, further comprising:a second resistance band configured to couple to at least one of asecond interconnector, the first resistance band, the firstinterconnector, or the release aid.
 6. The training system of claim 5,further comprising: a second tensioner attached to the training shaftand coupled to the second resistance band.
 7. The training system ofclaim 1, wherein the first interconnector is adjustably positioned alonga portion of the first resistance band.
 8. An archery training systemcomprising: a handle structure comprising: top and bottom ends; a handlestructure length from the top end to the bottom end; a long axis alongthe handle structure length; a handle medially located on the handlestructure; and a housing unit positioned above the handle; a balancercoupled to and articulating within the housing unit, the balancerarticulating substantially orthogonal to the long axis; a firstresistance band with a first free end and a first non-looped endinserted through the balancer and coupled to a first tensioner coupledto the handle structure; and a second resistance band with a second freeend and a second non-looped end coupled to the handle structure; wherebythe archery training device is operable to allow a user to grasp thehandle structure with one hand and with the other hand pull rearward amechanical release aid that is attached to at least the first or secondlooped ends creating resistance band expansion and tension.
 9. Thetraining system of claim 8, wherein the second resistance band providescounter balance to the first resistance band thereby minimizing torqueof the handle structure during dry firing.
 10. The training system ofclaim 8, further comprising: a stabilizer bracket attached to the handlestructure, the stabilizer bracket being configured to couple to astabilizer.
 11. The training system of claim 8, the housing unit furthercomprising a first sight post and a second sight post each substantiallyaligned with the long axis.
 12. The training system of claim 8, whereina sight is configured to removably couple to either sight post, andwherein the sight comprises a sight selected from the list consistingof: a mechanical sight; an electrical sight; a sight having opticalmagnification; a video game sight; an electrical sight specificallyconfigured to operate with the archery training system; and a mechanicalsight specifically configured to operate with the archery trainingsystem.
 13. The training system of claim 8, further comprising: a fingerrelease aid having a top string and a bottom string configured to mimicthe finger positioning of a traditional bow, wherein the finger releaseaid is configured to couple to the first and second free ends duringresistance band extension and tension.
 14. An archery training deviceconfigured for dry fire practice, comprising: a handle structure havinga housing unit positioned above a handle; a first tensioner coupled tothe handle structure; and a first resistance band having a firstproximate end coupled to the first tensioner and a first distal endcoupled to a first interconnector, the first resistance band and thefirst tensioner being operable together to adjust a let-off tension forthe first resistance band to at least one value between 1 and 70 pounds;wherein the archery training device is configured to be dry fired by auser, such that when drawn by the user to be dry fired, the archerytraining device further comprises: the first distal end of the firstresistance band positioned substantially orthogonal to the handlestructure; and whereby the first interconnector is capable of beingoperatively engaged by a release aid held in the user's shooting hand,permitting the user to draw apart the first distal end and the handlestructure held in the user's non-shooting hand and dry fire the archerytraining device.
 15. The training device of claim 14, furthercomprising: a stabilizer bracket attached to the handle structure, thestabilizer bracket being configured to couple to a stabilizer.
 16. Thetraining device of claim 14, further comprising: a second tensionercoupled to the handle structure; a second resistance band having aproximate end coupled to the second tensioner and a distal end coupledto a second interconnector, the second interconnector being configuredto couple to at least one of the first resistance band, the firstinterconnector, or the release aid.
 17. The training device of claim 16,wherein the let-off tension is increased by adjusting one or more of thefirst and second tensioners in a first direction and the let-off tensionis decreased by adjusting one or more of the first and second tensionersin a second direction.
 18. The training device of claim 16, wherein thesecond resistance band provides counter balance to the first resistanceband thereby minimizing torque of the handle structure during dryfiring.
 19. The training device of claim 16, wherein the firstinterconnector is adjustably positioned along a portion of the firstresistance band and the second interconnector is adjustably positionedalong a portion of the second resistance band.
 20. The training deviceof claim 14, further comprising: electronic circuitry configured totransmit information to a video game console when a dry firing is sensedby the electronic circuitry.